C₁V₁ = C₂V₂ — mix and match any concentration and volume units.
The equation C₁V₁ = C₂V₂ is based on conservation of solute — the total amount of substance remains constant before and after dilution. This calculator handles unit conversion automatically: you can enter C₁ in mM and C₂ in µM, or V₁ in µL and V₂ in mL, and it will convert internally before solving.
Important: C₁ and C₂ must be in compatible concentration families. You can mix molar units (M, mM, µM, nM, pM) with each other, or mass/volume units (mg/mL, µg/mL, g/L) with each other, but you cannot mix across families (e.g., mM and mg/mL) without knowing the molecular weight — the calculator will warn you if this happens.
For serial dilutions, each tube is diluted by the same factor. The transfer volume equals the final volume divided by the dilution factor, and the diluent volume is the remainder.
Concentration: M, mM, µM, nM, pM, mg/mL, µg/mL, ng/mL, g/L, mg/L, %(w/v), %(v/v), and fold (x).
Volume: L, mL, µL, and nL.